The transportation during Sherlock Holmes' time were carriages which would transport people within Europe.
Europe in the Time of Sherlock Holmes.

This sequence of photographs shows houses along the west side of Upper Baker Street. The official home of Sherlock Holmes at 221b Baker Street is just out of the picture to the right, which is today known as the Sherlock Holmes Museum. Sir Aurthur Conan Doyle's first reference to the home of Sherlock Holmes was in Upper Baker Street, and this picture sequence of photographs taken at that time clearly show what the street looked like when Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson were engaged on their adventures!